In the 20th century, Charlotte’s growth accelerated, establishing it as North Carolina’s largest city. By 1910, the city had overtaken Wilmington with 34,014 residents. World War I brought further expansion with the establishment of Camp Greene, which housed 40,000 soldiers and many support staff who settled in the city after the war, fueling urbanization along the Piedmont Crescent. Though Charlotte briefly fell behind Winston-Salem in population in 1920, it regained its top position by the 1930 census and has remained North Carolina’s largest city ever since.

Transportation played a key role in Charlotte’s growth, with the Seaboard Air Line Railroad operating daily passenger service to Wilmington until 1958. Later, the city became a national financial hub. Under the leadership of Hugh McColl, North Carolina National Bank (NCNB) expanded through aggressive acquisitions to become Bank of America. Similarly, First Union, later Wachovia, grew into a major bank before being acquired by Wells Fargo in 2008. Today, Charlotte ranks as the second-largest banking headquarters in the United States after New York City.

Charlotte has also faced significant natural challenges. Hurricane Hugo struck on September 22, 1989, with sustained winds of 69 mph and gusts up to 87 mph, destroying 80,000 trees, causing massive property damage, and leaving most residents without power for weeks. In December 2002, an ice storm left over 1.3 million people in central North Carolina without electricity, causing widespread tree damage and long-lasting disruptions.

In the 21st century, Charlotte has also been a focal point for civic action. In August 2015 and September 2016, protests erupted following police shootings of Jonathan Ferrell and Keith Scott, highlighting ongoing social and justice concerns within the community.

From rapid urban growth and economic prominence to enduring natural disasters and civic engagement, Charlotte’s modern history reflects the city’s resilience, adaptability, and central role in the Southeast.